Papers and research

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Technologies powering NymVPN have been developed by our founders, employees, and advisors, and published in prominent peer-reviewed cryptography and computer science journals.

Foundational Nym Papers

Nym white paper: The Nym Network - The Next Generation of Privacy Infrastructure

Published: Whitepaper

Date: 2021

Authors: Claudia Diaz, Harry Halpin, Aggelos Kiayias

Nym litepaper - The next generation of Privacy infrastructure

Published: Litepaper

Date: 2021

Authors: Nym Technologies

NymVPN litepaper - Protecting patterns of communication for all internet traffic

Published: Litepaper

Date: 2023

Authors: Ania M. Piotrowska

The Loopix Anonymity System

Published: 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 17)

Date: 2017

Authors: Ania Piotrowska, Jamie Hayes, Tariq Elahi, Sebastian Meiser, George Danezis

Compact and Divisible E-Cash with Threshold Issuance

Published: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Volume 2023

Date: 2023

Authors: Alfredo Rial, Ania M. Piotrowska

Reward Sharing for Mixnets

Published: Journal of Cryptoeconomic Systems, Volume 2, Issue 1

Date: 2022

Authors: Claudia Diaz, Harry Halpin, Aggelos Kiayias

Sphinx: A Compact and Provably Secure Mix Format

Published: IEEE

Date: 2009

Authors: George Danezis, Ian Goldberg

Nym-related research (peer-reviewed)

LAMP: Lightweight Approaches for Latency Minimization in Mixnets with Practical Deployment Considerations

Published: Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium

Date: 2025

Authors: Mahdi Rahimi, Piyush Kumar Sharma, Claudia Diaz

LARMix: Latency-Aware Routing in Mix Networks

Published: Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2024

Date: 2024

Authors: Mahdi Rahimi, Piyush Kumar Sharma, Claudia Diaz

MixMatch: Flow Matching for Mixnet Traffic

Published: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs)

Date: 2024

Authors: Lennart Oldenburg, Marc Juarez, Enrique Argones Rúa, Claudia Diaz

Blending Different Latency Traffic With Beta Mixing

Published: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs)

Date: 2024

Authors: Iness Ben Guirat, Debajyoti Das, Claudia Diaz

Are continuous stop-and-go mixnets provably secure?

Published: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs)

Date: 2024

Authors: Debajyoti Das, Claudia Diaz, Aggelos Kiayias, Thomas Zacharias

On the Anonymity of Peer-To-Peer Network Anonymity Schemes Used by Cryptocurrencies

Published: Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'23)

Date: 2023

Authors: Piyush Kumar Sharma, Devashish Gosain, Claudia Diaz

Traffic Analysis by Adversaries with Partial Visibility

Published: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS'23)

Date: 2023

Authors: Iness Ben Guirat, Claudia Diaz, Karim Eldefrawy, Hadas Zeilberger

Mix networks

Published: Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy

Date: 2022

Authors: Claudia Diaz

Mixnet optimization methods

Published: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs)

Date: 2022

Authors: Iness Ben Guirat, Claudia Diaz

Mixim: Mixnet design decisions and empirical evaluation

Published: WPES '21: Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

Date: 2022

Authors: Iness Ben Guirat, Devashish Gosain, Claudia Diaz

Studying the anonymity trilemma with a discrete-event mix network simulator

Published: WPES '21: Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

Date: 2021

Authors: Ania M. Piotrowska

Optimizing Anonymity and Performance in a Mix Network

Published: Foundations and Practice of Security: 14th International Symposium, FPS 2021

Date: 2021

Authors: Mathieu Jee, Ania M. Piotrowska, Harry Halpin, Ninoslav Marina

VerLoc: Verifiable Localization in Decentralized Systems

Published: 31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22)

Date: 2021

Authors: Katharina Kohls, Claudia Diaz

Coconut: Threshold Issuance Selective Disclosure Credentials with Applications to Distributed Ledgers

Published: Network and Distributed Systems Security (NDSS) Symposium 2019

Date: 2020

Authors: Alberto Sonnino, Mustafa Al-Bassam, Shehar Bano, Sarah Meiklejohn, George Danezis

No Right to Remain Silent: Isolating Malicious Mixes

Published: Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium

Date: 2019

Authors: Hemi Leibowitz, Ania M. Piotrowska, George Danezis, Amir Herzberg

NEXTLEAP: Decentralizing Identity with Privacy for Secure Messaging

Published: ARES '17: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security

Date: 2017

Authors: Harry Halpin

Research reports (not yet peer-reviewed)

Decentralized Reliability Estimation for Mixnets

Published: arXiv preprint

Date: 2024

Authors: Claudia Diaz, Harry Halpin, Aggelos Kiayias

Decentralized Incentivized Mixnet

Published: US Patent Application 17/681,701

Date: 2023

Authors: Harry Halpin, Claudia Diaz

Security Analysis of Coconut, an Attribute-Based Credential Scheme with Threshold Issuance

Published: IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Volume 2022

Date: 2022

Authors: Alfredo Rial, Ania Piotrowska

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INTRODUCING NYMVPN

Advanced privacy built for the age of AI

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